Unit 1 Db2 - 1762 Words

Resubmission of Unit 1 DB2 Qualitative Methods Introduction In today’s world we seem to put aside things that we consider no longer a threat. Well we are wrong to do this, because HIV/AIDS still affects over 5.4 million people that are walking around with this infection or full blown AIDS. They are friends, Criminals, neighbors, and even children attending school, etc. So, why do we think it is ok to not worry about a problem that does not have a cure, but only a life time of meds? Within this qualitative research method, we will explore Sexual risk, there or the Measures, Sexual risk, method, demographics, HIV/AIDS risk and may add other areas as they relate to this study. Sexual risk The individuals that participated for this study used a format that was more of an open-response type report during a 4 months period time frame. 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From A Young Age, Arlie Russel Hochschild Developed An

From a young age, Arlie Russel Hochschild developed an inclination and curiosity towards emotion and emotional displays. Born on January 15, 1940, as a child to parents of the U.S Foreign services, Russel explains her early observations of behavior and emotional presentations of foreign diplomats. It is from this memory, that Russel centers her current sociological work. As a young adult, Russel attended the University of California, Berkley where she successfully obtained her master’s and doctorate degrees. As a student, Russel found interest in the study and placement of women in a male-dominated society. Upon her study of these specific topics, Russel came to the conclusion that many theories, references, and experiences in the†¦show more content†¦Besides, her achievements and successes, Russel’s work have had a profound influence on sociological thought and theory. Her work surrounding the sociology of emotion helps to understand how emotions, â€Å"offer a special vision of how we experience and appraise social settings, and (†¦) how [they] partly constitute what we think of as social settings† (Kemper 117). In essence, Russel uses her notions surrounding the development and action of emotions towards everyday contexts and issues. More specifically, drawing inspiration from other commonly used sociological models (The Organismic Model and The Interactional Model) Russel develops a third perspective which she coins as the â€Å"Emotional-Management Model.† To elucidate, this model highlights how emotions are used as â€Å"attempts to reconcile our expectations with the actuality of situations in which we find ourselves† (Appelrouth Edles). As a side note, Russel also explains how emotions are innate at birth, as our senses. Similarly, to the development of â€Å"self,† though, they also have the ability adjust or change depending on the social setting or context as a form or type of signal functioning . They also can be influenced culturally and socially. In a similar fashion, emotions also can adjust their intensity in what Russel terms as â€Å"emotion work.† In this notion, she explains how the â€Å"self† can exaggerate or lessen the type ofShow MoreRelatedSymbolic Interactionism2313 Words   |  10 Pagesinteraction is like, and how interaction between people can impact or reflect upon society as a whole. (Gingrich) Symbolic interaction is defined as â€Å"How people act toward things based on the meaning those things have for them; and these meanings are derived from social interaction and modified through interpretation† (Gingrich). In simpler terms, people make their decisions based on how much that decision is going to affect them, and whether or not society will judge them for making that decision. SymbolicRead MoreAlternative Learning Systems9735 Words   |  39 Pagessymbolic 1 North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA Corresponding Author: Kylie L. Parrotta, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Box 8107, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 Email: klparrot@gw.ncsu.edu Downloaded from tso.sagepub.com at ASA - American Sociological Association on April 15, 2011 166 interactionist framework (Blumer 1969), we analyze our teaching experiences in courses conducted at a men’s and a women’s prison. We apply the social psychological concepts

Marketing Strategies And Digital Marketing ZARA - Free Sample Solutio

Question: Describe about customer profile details of Zara. Ansoff matrix analysis of Zara, UK and igital marketing for Zara, UK? Answer: Introduction Zara in UK is much more than clothing. Zara is a part of Inditex group. Zara has more than 5000 stores in different corners of the world. They have their presence in Europe, USA and Middle East countries. The designs that one can expect from Zara cannot be expected from some other brand and that is one of the reasons due to which people from different corners of the world are excited to try Zara clothing. The well thought out designs at Zara are very much in sync with the needs and requirements of todays fashion requirements. Fashion is for both men and women and hence, Zara has a wide range of designer clothes for both, men and women. The clothes that are available at Zara will be liked by only people who are fashion freak. They have the best of designers and technologies so the best of designs are available to the target market at an affordable price. Most of the retail brands today are facing tough competition from the new upcoming brands but that is not the case with Zara. Zara is witnessing continuous growth in the last few years and hence, they are motivated to come up with plenty of more designs. They try to understand the fashion market and they continuously update their store so that the customers can find something every time, they walk into the store (Unique Business Strategies 2014). Customer profile details of Zara The customer profile of Zara is different than that of the regular retail brands and hence, this helps them to acquire a competitive position in the market. Zara targets only people who are willing to be updated with the upcoming fashion and fashion trends. The most fashionable clothes are available in Zara and that too at an affordable price. This store doesnt target females only. Anybody, who is willing to be updated with fashion, can walk-in into Zara stores. Men, women, teenager and even a child can get fashionable with Zara. The market segmentation of Zara, UK is different than that of the other retail brands. Most of the retail brands prefer to undertake segmentation based on sex, age, demographics of the customer but that is not the case with Zara. All the group ages, sexes and demographics is the market for Zara and hence, they didnt want their customer to be bifurcated on these grounds. Zara targets people based on the passion and interest that they have for fashion. Contemporary, trendy, Latino, Classic and grunge are few of the ways by which the customers are divided. The taste and preference of customers at Zara, UK is unique and depending on the taste and preference, the customers are segmented for further, targeting (BBC News 2013). Zara, UK believes in targeting people who are very much fashionable. Many people who want to speed up so that they can catch up with the latest fashion trends are targeted by Zara, UK. The price of fashion clothing available at Zara, UK is very affordable. Plenty of people are willing to be fashionable but all cannot afford to buy clothes from high-end fashion boutiques so those people can walk in into Zara stores. Zara, UK will not be available at all the locations and it can be noticed that Zara stores are available only at high end locations. In every four to five weeks time, the clothes available in the store will change and hence, this allows them a chance to have four to five weeks turnaround time. Apart from the fashion clothes available in the store, the brand persona associated with Zara, UK is one of the reasons due to which the crowd is attracted to Zara stores and not any other retail store (The telegraph 2012). Zara, UKs motto is to democratize fashion and hence, they have position themselves as a brand where one can find plenty of fashion items. It is positioned among the target market as a store that sells highly fashionable clothes at an affordable price. This ensures that everybody, who is willing to be fashionable, can walk-in into Zara. The stores are located in only high profile locations and hence, customers have a perception that they will get something trendy and hip if they walk into Zara. The clothes available at Zara are very affordable and hence, the customer can change their wardrobe at frequent intervals to stay in the trend. The management of Zara believes that they dont want to spend excess money on branding and hence, the stores are designed in such a way that they can speak for themselves. Zara is present all the corners of UK and hence, shopping freaks cannot ignore Zara at any cost. The windows of the store is designed in such a way that any fashion freak will not walk away without entering the stores. Zara identifies luxurious spots in the UK and they place their spots over there. Looking at the financial growth of Zara, it can be said that this brand in the UK even when the whole world was suffering due to financial crisis. The design, supply chain and the production of Zara is well planned. The designing and production at Zara is very quick as compared to that of other fashion brands. The design work starts and the garment reaches the store in 10-14 days time. Zara is well aware of the fact that the fashion is fast changing and hence, any customer will find plenty of fashion garments when they wa lk into the store. If the same set of clothes are hanging in the store for longer then there are very high chances that people may not like to walk into Zara. Zaras ever changing clothes is one of the reasons due to which customer loyalty increases (Retail Week 2014). Ansoff matrix analysis of Zara, UK Ansoff matrix is well implemented by Zara, UK. Market penetration, product development, market development and diversification strategy is well planned and implemented in Zara, UK. Few of the success stories of implementation of each of the strategy are discussed below. Zara, UK believes in market penetration rather than that of trying to capture a new market. This is one thing that differentiates the marketing strategies of Zara from that of the other competitors and retail clothing brands. Zara, UKs clothing line moves faster than that of the brands like H M. Zara has a team of internal designers and designers are confident enough that they can have any design from the drawing board to shelf in just 14 days time. This allows Zara, UK stores to have new designs every week. A customer who just walked in last week would prefer to walk in again so that they can track if anything new is available. Zara believes in having in-house designs only. On the other end, H M prefers to get items from local markets like China and other Asian countries. All the items in Zara, UK would be fast moving fashion items but that is not the case with H M and other retail brands. H M has other products as well and hence, there are very high chances that it may not move as faster as fashion items. Zara, UK is well aware that fast-moving fashion is their strength and they will have to retain it at any cost. Zara, UK has most of its manufacturing unit in Europe. The cost of manufacturing in Europe is much higher than that of manufacturing in Asian countries. Zara, UK wants to ensure that the shipping time is reduced to the extent possible and hence, they have located their manufacturing centers in Europe. Zara, UK has control over all the aspects of business and this is one of the reasons that make Zara competitive. Designing, production and supply chain is in-house and hence, they can be rest assured that any mistakes can be rectified (The Huffington post 2012). Market development strategy is also well implemented at Zara. They look for an existing market whose needs arent fulfilled so that their needs can be targeted. In UK, there is a gap between the high-schoolers and college going kids. Their fashion needs are identified by Zara and this is one market which is served by Zara only in the UK. Secondly, they believe in identifying the best market location so that Zara can grow. Zara stores will be located in high profile areas only so the marketing team will continuously look for places wherein they can expand. Product development strategy is well planned at Zara and this helps the fashion store to attract the fashion conscious customers. Normally it takes 6 weeks time for a new fashionable product to be launched in the Zara store but they ensure that new products are continuously available so that the customers can come to the store at regular intervals. All the new products are developed in small quantities and at an affordable price. The customers, who walk-in into the Zara stores, are fashion conscious and at the same time, they are conscious about the money that they will be spending. Accordingly, the products are developed so that the customers can come and buy what they buy rather than that of being ignorant about it due to the pricing problem associated with it (In Style 2015). Zara also has a team of professionals who constantly supervise the requirements of the market. They are available at all the places wherein customers shop and they accordingly give ideas to the designers. This helps the designer to get an idea about what is trendy in the market. Approximately 40,000 fashions are created every year at Zara but only 10,000 to 12,000 is put to production. The designs are completely based on the observant team that tries to understand the fashion likes and dislikes of the customer. Apart from all the three strategies, diversification strategy is also considered at Zara. Few years back, Zara was completely dependent on manual work for the plenty of upcoming fashion trends but that is not the case anymore. Today, they have the best of technology so that they can choose colors from the computer and design the clothes in the computer. Technology is used to a large extent and hence, the designers can directly give command to machinery for getting the fashion produced. Zara will manufacture things in small quantity only and hence, there will not be any discount at Zara. Digital marketing for Zara, UK Zara is well aware of the importance of digital marketing and hence, they ensure that they have their presence in the digital marketing space. Facebook is one of the places wherein everyone has their presence so how can Zara stay back. Zara knows that they will have to be active on Facebook so that they can attract the customers to frequently visit their page. Every day twice, Zara, UKs page is updated with new picture. If a user likes the Facebook page of Zara, UK then they will be eligible for 15% discount. This motivates the user to like the page to get discounts. The Facebook members are motivated to share their creations so that they can be recognized and this will increase the number of people who are viewing Zara, UKs Facebook page. Twitter is also used extensively by Zara, UK. It is seen that minimum of seven tweets are posted in a day. The tweets are related to fashion blogs, new creations or anything related to fashion. Most of the people on twitter tweet back and hence, th e number of people who are aware increases automatically (This is money 2015). Pinterest is also used by Zara, UK to make people aware of the fashionable clothing that is available in the stores. Most of the customers are willing to know the price of the newly fashion that is launched in the market and hence, through Pinterest, Zara, UK ensures that the customers can get to know about the price and this allows them to shop accordingly. Instagram is also used extensively for the purpose of attracting the customers to shop. Every cloth available at Zara, UK can be worn in multiple ways. The customers are motivated to dress up their own way and post the same on Facebook and Twitter. The best dressed persons picture is posted on Instagram. This motivates them to be more fashionable and trendy. Zara, UK conducts live fashion shows at regular intervals. The videos of these events are posted on Youtube. This helps Zara, UK to spread aware among the loyal customers about the new designs that are available in the store. Apart from social media, Zara, UK also uses various internet marketing strategies to educate their customers. SEO is one of the key strategies that is used by the fashion store. They write a lot of SEO friendly contents so that search engines can show Zara for fashion related search. Paid ads by Google are also used extensively. These are few of the cheap advertisement strategies that are used by Zara, UK to attract the huge youth market. Google Analytics is used to understand the demographics of the user. These demographics are used by the sales team so that they can plan their further marketing strategies. Mobiles can also be used smartly to attract the target markets. Every year a budget of $2 million is allocated to Zara, UK. This allows them to give discounts to customers who are using Zara mobile app (Zara 2015). Conclusion Zara is well aware of the target market that they are willing to attract. They are placed in high profile locations so that the fashion oriented customers can walk into the store and shop something fashionable and trendy. Zara is not an expensive brand wherein everybody cannot afford to shop. This is one of the major reasons due to which most of the customers stay loyal to Zara. Ansoff Matrix is well implemented at Zara and hence, they give good attention to product development, market development and also diversification. References Zara, 2015, About Zara, Viewed on April 16, 2015, https://www.zarahome.com/gb/en/ This is money, 2015, Thousands of Zara employees to benefit from clothing company's new profit share scheme, Viewed on April 16, 2015, https://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/news/article-3000844/Thousands-Zara-employees-benefit-clothing-company-s-new-profit-share-scheme.html In Style, 2015, Zara Spring Summer 2015: The New Collection, Viewed on April 16, 2015, https://www.instyle.co.uk/fashion/editors-picks/zara-the-new-collection Retail Week, 2014, Comment: UK proving to be a challenging market for Zara, Viewed on April 16, 2015, https://www.retail-week.com/sectors/fashion/comment-uk-proving-to-be-a-challenging-market-for-zara/5064611.article The telegraph, 2012, Zara owner Inditex grows market share and profits, Viewed on April 16, 2014, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/9552298/Zara-owner-Inditex-grows-market-share-and-profits.html Unique Business Strategies, 2014, The story of Zara the speeding bullet, Viewed on April 16, 2015, https://www.uniquebusinessstrategies.co.uk/pdfs/case%20studies/zarathespeedingbullet.pdf The Huffington post, 2012, Zara Owner Inditex Reports 'Stunning Figures', Viewed on April 16, 2015, https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/12/12/zara-parent-company-inditex-stunning-figures_n_2283011.html BBC News, 2013, Zara-owner Inditex's profits rise by 22%, Viewed on April 16, 2015, https://www.bbc.com/news/business-21769261

Original Writing Essays - 9, Eugne Christophe, Startup Cult

Original Writing Just calm down would you. For a few moments at least. You have got ages to think about what you are taking with you, 20 minutes before you have to be out of that door. Pausing to listen to my mother's unhelpful words has cost me yet another few precious seconds, seconds that I don't have to waste, not now anyway. I won't snap at her mind, she is the sole reason that I have the opportunity to be going where I am. You see, she has agreed to lie, to my somewhat over protective father, about my whereabouts, I owe her big time. These were my thoughts as I realised, after having overslept by no less than 2 hours, that I had precisely 18 minutes to get a whole four days worth of necessities together, before leaving the house. Not to mention getting washed, dressed and making myself presentable, no wonder I was panicking! I was meant to be going to visit my boyfriend, who I hadn't seen for 8 weeks, at his home in London. As usual I had decided I was too tired to bother organising my stuff the night before, I thought I'd get up early and pack whilst my mind was fresh and awake, I was wrong! So, I began trying to do about three things at once, it wasn't working, mum tried to be useful but she seemed to be getting in my way more than helping. I packed as much as I could, knowing I had forgotten a lot of the things I had intended to take, I scrambled out of the door, into the taxi, washed and dressed but without picking up a hairbrush or applying my makeup! God, I must have looked terrible! Oh well, I began sortin g myself out in the taxi, I got my hair in a respectable state and decided to leave the rest for the two hour train journey that awaited me when I reached Portsmouth. Trust me to be like this, I never had been very good at planning ahead. Collecting my thoughts together and calming down, it dawned on me where I was going, this day I had been anticipating for some time, long distance relationships are not the easiest at the best of times, let alone when yours is surrounded by a cloud of deceit. I started thinking about the many times I had lied to get what I wanted, deceit had almost become a tradition within our dysfunctional family. I peered out of the steamed up window of the catamaran to see the approaching mainland. By my calculations I would have to wait about 15 minutes before I had to board the 09:10 train, at least I had some time to have a bit of breakfast, my stomach was not exactly making the most inviting of noises! I had completely forgotten that it was the ?festive' season, that was, until I stepped into the train station caf? and noticed that most furniture was laden with a multicoloured variation of cheap tinsel, the selection of food available for purchase accompanied this theme well, mince pies and Christmas pud were among the obvious. I chose a strong black coffee and warmed piece of apple pie to sustain my hunger, surprisingly it was good enough for me to finish the lot, although it should have been for the extortionate price. No time to sit around, I had to go. As the heavy door slammed shut behind me I heard the announcement that was relevant, the tannoy arrangement of jingle bells was interrupted and the following message was read, 09:10 train to London Waterloo arriving shortly at platform 5 Platform five, just typical, right at the other end of this depressing, gloomy, concrete city. I readjusted my bag straps and headed off, only end up standing in the freezing cold for what seemed like an age. Forgotten necessities numbers 1 and 2, scarf and gloves. When the train finally came and I got a chance to sit down, I pulled out my makeup bag, I decided on green eyes and brown lips, to match my Sex, drugs and rock and roll hoodie and cords, one thing I could never tolerate, clashing

Free Essays on Role Models

Gucci, Prada, Tommy, Nautica, Polo, Benzes and Lexus are all the things that you need to be role models for the youth of today in America; not brains but beauty, not values or morals but valued. Today in America there aren’t many positive role models for the youth known as Generation X. Role models for today’s youth consists of rappers, actors/actresses, and even the young man who hangs out on the street corner all day and sells drugs. Everyone predicted that this generation of youth would be doomed with the exception of few; thanks to Mrs. Rosa Gibbings, my teacher, an significant positive influence and role model in my life I am one of the exceptional few. First, Mrs. R. Gibbings was my second and third grade teacher, she was supposed to retire but agreed that she would stay if she could teach her second grade class in third grade. I still see her and get advice from her today. She helped shape and mold me into the positive, responsible, and confident individual I am today. She would praise my work and tell me what I could do to make it better. She always challenged me and never let me take the easy route. She saw the intelligence and dug deep to get the best out of me at every thing I did; she helped build the determination to succeed attitude that I carry today. Another way Mrs. Gibbings influenced me was with her disciplinary tactics. She let me know that it was all right to have fun and goof around but at certain times and places. She also made me fell that it was all right not to have millions of dollars and still be proud and confidant. Also she taught me to never put anyone else down or laugh at their ignorance to certain things but to teach them and help them to be better. She taught me to take the positive things in my environment and use them and stay away from the negative and learn from all my mistakes. She took no mess from anyone and always pushed me to be my best. To conclude, yes there are m... Free Essays on Role Models Free Essays on Role Models Gucci, Prada, Tommy, Nautica, Polo, Benzes and Lexus are all the things that you need to be role models for the youth of today in America; not brains but beauty, not values or morals but valued. Today in America there aren’t many positive role models for the youth known as Generation X. Role models for today’s youth consists of rappers, actors/actresses, and even the young man who hangs out on the street corner all day and sells drugs. Everyone predicted that this generation of youth would be doomed with the exception of few; thanks to Mrs. Rosa Gibbings, my teacher, an significant positive influence and role model in my life I am one of the exceptional few. First, Mrs. R. Gibbings was my second and third grade teacher, she was supposed to retire but agreed that she would stay if she could teach her second grade class in third grade. I still see her and get advice from her today. She helped shape and mold me into the positive, responsible, and confident individual I am today. She would praise my work and tell me what I could do to make it better. She always challenged me and never let me take the easy route. She saw the intelligence and dug deep to get the best out of me at every thing I did; she helped build the determination to succeed attitude that I carry today. Another way Mrs. Gibbings influenced me was with her disciplinary tactics. She let me know that it was all right to have fun and goof around but at certain times and places. She also made me fell that it was all right not to have millions of dollars and still be proud and confidant. Also she taught me to never put anyone else down or laugh at their ignorance to certain things but to teach them and help them to be better. She taught me to take the positive things in my environment and use them and stay away from the negative and learn from all my mistakes. She took no mess from anyone and always pushed me to be my best. To conclude, yes there are m...

Negative Slope and Negative Correlation

Negative Slope and Negative Correlation In mathematics, the slope of a line (m) describes how rapidly or slowly change is occurring and in which direction, whether positive or negative. Linear functions- those whose graph is a straight line- have four possible types of slope: positive, negative, zero, and undefined.  A function with a positive slope is represented by a line that goes up from left to right, while a function with a negative slope is represented by a line that goes down from left to right. A function with zero slope is represented by a horizontal line, and a function with an undefined slope is represented by a vertical line. Slope is usually expressed as an absolute value. A positive value indicates a positive slope, while a negative value indicates a negative slope. In the function y 3x, for example, the slope is positive 3, the coefficient of x. In statistics, a graph with a negative slope represents a negative correlation between two variables. This means that as one variable increases, the other decreases- and vice versa. Negative correlation represents a significant relationship between the variables x and y, which, depending on what they are modeling, can be understood as input and output, or cause and effect. How to Find Slope Negative slope is calculated just like any other type of slope. You can find it by dividing the rise of two points (the difference along the vertical or y-axis) by the run (the difference along the x-axis). Just remember that the rise is really a fall, so the resulting number will be negative. m (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1) Once the line is graphed, youll see that the slope is negative because the line will go down from left to right. Even without drawing a graph, you will be able to see that the slope is negative simply by calculating m using the values given for the two points. For example, the slope of a line that contains the two points (2,-1) and (1,1) is: m [1 - (-1)] / (1 - 2)m (1 1) / -1m 2 / -1m -2 A slope of -2 means that for every positive change in x, there will be twice as much negative change in y. Negative Slope = Negative Correlation A negative slope demonstrates a negative correlation between the following: variables x and yinput and outputindependent variable and dependent variablecause and effect Negative correlation occurs when the two variables of a function move in opposite directions. As the value of x increases, the value of y decreases. Likewise, as the value of x decreases, the value of y increases. Negative correlation, then, indicates a clear relationship between the variables, meaning one affects the other in a meaningful way. In a scientific experiment, a negative correlation would show that an increase in the independent variable (the one manipulated by the researcher) would cause a decrease in the dependent variable (the one measured by the researcher). For example, a scientist might find that as predators are introduced into an environment, the number of prey gets smaller. In other words, there is a negative correlation between number of predators and number of prey. Reals A simple example of negative slope in the real world is going down a hill. The further you travel, the further down you drop. This can be represented as a mathematical function where x equals distance traveled and y equals elevation. Other examples of negative slope demonstrate the relationship between two variables: Mr. Nguyen drinks caffeinated coffee two hours before his bedtime. The more cups of coffee he drinks (input), the fewer hours he will sleep (output).Aisha is purchasing a plane ticket. The fewer days between the purchase date and the departure date (input), the more money Aisha will have to spend on airfare (output).John is spending some of the money from his last paycheck on presents for his children. The more money John spends (input), the less money John will have in his bank account (output).Mike has an exam at the end of the week. Unfortunately, he would rather spend his time watching sports on TV than studying for the test. The more time Mike spends watching TV (input), the lower Mikes score will be on the exam (output). (In contrast, the relationship between time spent studying and exam score would be represented by a positive correlation, since an increase in studying would lead to a higher score.)

What changes would you make to the English law of restitution Explain Essay

What changes would you make to the English law of restitution Explain why you think these are desirable, but also identify any potential disadvantages that might result from them - Essay Example fusion of contract and equity based remedies justified under the head of restitution and generally, the courts have been unwilling to recognise restitution as a separate principle of recovery due to alternative common law methods of recovery such a quantum valebat and quantum meruit, the doctrine of waiver in tort and equitable claims3. As such, Tettenborn argues that â€Å"faced with this situation it is not surprising that the judges chose to remain within the existing categories of recovery rather than postulate any new theory of liability4.† The focus of this paper is to critically evaluate the law of restitution and consider possible reform. To this end, I shall firstly consider the essential principles of restitution and it is submitted that the inherent problem with restitution based claims is the doctrinal difficulty of quantifying the concept of â€Å"unjust enrichment†. As such, the underlying objective of restitution has often been confused with equitable trust law principles, compounding legal certainty in this area as evidenced by the swaps litigation in decisions such as Westdeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale v Islington LBC5 Accordingly, in evaluating the law of restitution and possible reform, I shall contextually consider the swaps litigation and submit the proposition that possible reform in restitution should consider categorisation of according to the nature of the dispute and consider the common intention of the parties in considering the concept of unjust enrichment. As highlighted above, the underlying basis for restitution under English law is to protect a claimant against the unjust enrichment of a defendant. However, in practice the inherently ambiguous nature of what constitutes â€Å"unjust† in order to merit recovery has led the judiciary to obfuscate the distinction between restitution, equity and contractual principles for recovery6. This in turn has fuelled academic debate as to the appropriate role and applicability of restitution

Legal Research (ECHR) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Legal Research (ECHR) - Essay Example 53924/00, ECHR 2000 [http://www.1cor.com/1315/?form_1155.replyids=370] The article examines the range of the application of the European Convention on Human Rights (Article 2), regarding the unborn foetus. In the case of Vo V France, the focus is on the jurisprudence of the ECHR on a country’s duty to life protection in view of both charitable and involuntary, neglectful extinction of pregnancies. According to the laws of abortion of Europe and United States, a gradualist ethical viewpoint on the embryo status could substantiate the obligation of criminal punishments for foetal death resulting from aggressive conduct against an expectant woman without discrimination to the woman’s rights. In the case of Vo v. France, Mrs. Thi-Nho Vo (applicant) was a Vietnamese born staying in France. She visited Lyons General Hospital on November 17, 19991 to have regular medical check during her six months of pregnancy. Another woman, Mrs. Thi Thanh van Vo, had visited the same hospit al the same day to remove the coil. Because of a mistake due to sharing of a common name by the two women, he physician who examined the first woman perforated amniotic sac, facilitating therapeutic abortion. Although the complainant and her husband lodged a claimant in 199, the physician was acquitted by the Court of Cassation on 30 June 1999. Basing on Article 2 of European Convention, the applicants lodged complain on the government’s refusal to categorize the inadvertent killing of the unborn child as involuntary homicide. The Grand Chamber considered that the subject of the start of life was an issue to be determined at national stage; since the subject had not been determined in the many of the members of the Convention, France in particular, where the matter was an issue of public discussion. Also, the decision made since there was no universal European agreement on the legal and scientific definition of the start of life. That is, at European level, of consensus was p resent regarding the status and nature of the embryo and foetus; although it could be considered universal ground between countries that the foetus/embryo belonged to humanity. Its capacity to become a human being needed protection in terms of human dignity, devoid of making it an individual with the liberty of life for reasons of Article 21. Moreover, all the nine adjudicators who joined the like-minded and dissenting views felt the issue of whether a foetus lies within the protection of article 2 is in the province of the Court to ascertain. Nonetheless, the ECHR should have accomplished its duty by analyzing the Convention and its procedures to understand the extent of ‘everyone’ in regard to article 2. Because of these fundamental and serious objections towards bringing a foetus in the protective sector of the ECHR, Judge Rozakis, together with several judges on the panel were correctly concerned to mention the fault in the Court’s analysis; that, while decli ning to approve that Article 2 was appropriate in this court case, the majority decided to abandon their neutral position based the conclusion of non violation on the assertion that the technical guarantees natural in the defense of Article 2 had already been gratified in the states of this court case. Through the application the ‘even assuming’ method on the suitability of Article 2; and by linking the life of the foetus to that of the mother—paragraph 86—the greater part had surreptiously brought the Conventions’

Olson’s collection of short stories Essay Example for Free

Olson’s collection of short stories Essay One important aspect of the plot is the mother and her ironing of the dress. The narrator is a middle aged mother of five Olson makes her out to be the type of woman that was rare for that time in American History: a mother who works and cares for her children at the same time. This is a matter of necessity since the father left when she was one. This is a circumstance which mirrored Olson’s real life as well as a young mother in the early 1960’s when opportunities were starting to open up for women but were as they are today. In that spirit, the book serves as a portrayal as an example of the unfairness of women’s lives. In the book, the narrator who is left unnamed, reflects on her distant relationship with her eldest daughter named Emily. The book is an expansion on the story about mother and daughter and their need to identify themselves despite living in a broken home during the Great Depression and trying to make ends meet. Gradually, the mother reveals that she was only nineteen herself when Emily, the daughter was born and due to the fact that there was no welfare system in place at the time, she was forced to leave Emily with the family of the father who left her. The narrator recalls how different Emily was from her siblings; she did not smile or laugh easily. The narrator has loved her as much as the others but was unable to learn how to show this most important human affection. The narrator ties into this circumstance, the fact that Emily is very different from her siblings and does not laugh or show emotion easily. To make matter worse, Emily develops a severe case of the measles and she is quarantined from her mother and siblings again. The measles becomes too severe that Emily is sent to a convalescent home in the country. By the time she is allowed to come home, she is a skeleton of herself, both physically and emotionally as it is now impossible to give or receive any amount of physical affection. Later in Emily’s development, she is still finding her past as a major impediment to her personal growth. Emily has no concern for the future and for her schooling and exams as well. Despite all of the attempts by Emily’s family, no effort proves fruitful and the narrator informs the reader that the family has come to the consensus that they will let her be and will leave her alone. There is an unmistakable boundary between the identities of the mother and daughter despite the fact that they both have very similar pasts. But the asking for help is what the narrator finds difficult when it comes to the assistance needed to help her daughter. â€Å"You think that because I am her mother I have a key or that in some way you could use me as a key. She has lived for nineteen years. There is all that life that has happened outside of me, beyond me. † The story and the narrator present the development of both mother and daughter as incomplete. The daughter is still trying to find herself and her level of independence and the mother is struggling with her guilt that she feels by abandoning her daughter and the consequences Emily has suffered because of it. A deep sense of deprivation pervades I Stand Here Ironing. The mother describes numerous limitations she has had to confront: poverty, abandonment by her first husband, housework, and motherhood itself. The limited resources of the mother limit the daughter as well. The mother feels helpless to encourage her daughters budding talent as an actress. Both the daughter and mother appear to be apathetic about their circumstances and the future by the end of the story. The daughter decides to sleep late and miss her exams because she says that at atom bomb is going to hit and everybody is going to be dead anyways. It is a sad story and a story of two individuals, important to each other, never being able to connect as a family should because of their inability to rise above their circumstances which served as an impediment too great for them to overcome. WORKS CITED Byrne, Marie. The Essence of Tillie Olson. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press. 1999 I chose this book because I found the person of Tillie Olson, a person that I had never heard before, as a fascinating one. Her life and the decades of struggle for women’s rights was one that needed to be addressed and studied. In the situation that she came up in and the impediments that she faced by not only her time in American History but as a single mother as well was a story that I needed to first understand, as well as a third party could before I was to write on any of her works. Olson, Tillie. I Stand Here Ironing. New York: Dell Publishing, 1994 This book was chosen since it serves as the text for the book. This was read also to obtain direct quotes from the book and to reread a number of passages that I, at first, did not understand its importance in relation to the flow of the story. The book gives a brief summary of the biographical information of Tillie Olsen and the other accomplishments that she had other than her writing career. Revere, John. Charleston’s Times Courier: Tillie Olson: January 3, 2007. I was surprised to discover that the death of Tillie Olsen had only occurred last month. When this was discovered, I looked at some newspapers for the day in order to find any obituaries on this person. And to my surprise, an extensive version was found and I was able to put a name to a face; something that I have always found helpful when trying to understand a person. The article detailed the accomplishments of Tillie Olsen and what her peers and readers alike had to say about her in a contemporary context.

Television and Media Violence - Is Aggressive Behavior Linked to TV Vio

Is Aggressive Behavior Linked to Television Violence?      Ã‚   According the Centerwall (1992), the average child aged 2-5 in 1990 watched 27 hours of television per day, or almost 4 hours per day. When much of what is on television, including cartoons and television shows targeted at children, contains violence, it becomes important to know whether watching televised violence can lead to or increase aggressive behavior. Social learning theory tells us that children model their behavior after those they see. It is reasonable, then, to infer that watching violence on television will lead to behaving violently, due to the modeling effect. The present study reviews some relevant prior research, and then investigates the hypothesis that children who view violent television behave more aggressively than children who view less violent television do.    Centerwall (1992) performed an intriguing study that strongly suggests a positive correlation with television viewing and aggressive, violent behavior. This study looks at the effect that the introduction of television had on the populations of three countries: the United States, Canada, and South Africa. Centerwall compared the homicide rates in these three countries during the years of 1945, 1974, and 1987. In 1945, the US and Canada were blessed with television, so the homicide statistics from 1945 were the last statistics that did not have the influence of television. South Africa, in contrast, did not receive television until 1975. Before 1975, South Africa had introduced other media   radio and cinema for example   so these statistics isolate the effect of television as a cause of increased homicide rates. Center... ...on cartoons on emotionally disturbed children. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 12:413-427 Huston-Stein, A., Fox, S., Greer, D., Watkins, B. A., & Whitaker, J. (1981). The effects of TV action and violence on children's social behavior. Journal of Genetic Psychology 138:183-191 Wiegman, O., Kuttschreuter, M., & Baarda, B. (1992). A longitudinal study of the effects of television viewing on aggressive and prosocial behaviors. British Journal of Social Psychology 31:147-164 Centerwall, B. S. (1992). Television and violence: the scale of the problem and where to go from here. The Journal of the American Medical Association 267:3059-3063 Singer, M. I., Miller, D. B., Guo, S., Flannery, D. J., Frierson, T., Slovak, K. (1999). Contributors to violent behavior among elementary and middle school children. Pediatrics 104:878

Modern Communication Essay

As our modern generation continues to build and discover new ways to make life easier, the USPS (United States Postal Service) is having trouble adjusting. They still go by traditional ways which is time consuming. People may no longer need their services because of the newly developed way called â€Å"emailing†. The internet has provided a faster and cheaper way to send messages. Regardless, the USPS is an essential and simply needs to update their postal service. The USPS has been delivering for over two centuries and has greatly expanded their service across the country. They provided job opportunities and a big success with the cross-country rail system. The USPS has made it this far, so they should keep providing services everywhere in the United States. The world may be changing, but we adapt to it. So can the USPS. There are many ways the USPS can meet the needs of the people. Source A (Stone) As listed and explained, people today prefer to email. So the USPS should get into the emailing trend so their services could run a lot better. They can increase their services, advertise with coupons, and reorganize/motivate staff. The USPS should rebrand their company or come up with a catchy slogan that reflects on their company that it is up to date and reliable. A new slogan can make a great difference today. Source C (O’Keefe) The USPS talks about a projection that will confirm change for the business. Customers are leaning towards the internet and other standard-mail options rather than USPS’s first-class mail. The USPS effort to gain what they had loss includes no Saturday deliveries, longer delivery times for letters and packages, higher-stamp prices and potential future layoffs. There will be flexibility and only changes that are necessary will be made. The article, â€Å"Sending, Getting ‘Real’ Mail Still Magic.†, Source F (Cullen) Kevin Cullen talks about his opinions on the plummeting business of the USPS and how he prefers old-fashioned delivery. According to him, emailing is fast and simple, and fast and simple is what we’re all obsessed with. It gets things done faster and makes life easier. Regardless, Cullen reveals the value in receiving handwritten documents and letters, because people care less about â€Å"snail† mail. He mentions that it simply costs 44 cents to send a thank-you card from Danville to Sandybeach, Hawaii, or Alaska. A genuine bargain! Cullen explains that written documents, letters, and records would last much longer. Emailing is efficient, but electronic records wont last forever. They aren’t as valuable as a solid document, on real paper. The USPS has been going through difficult times since they had stopped making profit in 2006. Thanks to Cullen, there is hope t hat there’s someone out there who believes in old-fashioned delivery. Although we encounter faster ways to deliver our letters and send messages, I personally believe in hand-written letters. They have value and effort put into them. The USPS may be facing difficult problems due to vast technology; but I believe they can make a comeback. There are many other people who probably have letters years ago, and can’t be taken away by a simple, â€Å"delete† button. There are no faulty complications when it comes to documents. Anyways, the USPS can improve their business in many ways and increase their services.

Zoe’s Tale PART III Chapter Twenty-Two

â€Å"Demand something back,† I said to myself as I waited for the Obin council member to greet me in my state-room. â€Å"Demand something back. Demand something back.† I'm definitely going to throw up, I thought. You can't throw up, I answered myself. You haven't figured out the plumbing yet. You don't know what to throw up into. That at least was true. The Obin don't excrete or take care of their personal hygiene the same way humans do, and they don't have the same issues with modesty that we do when they're with others of their own race. In the corner of my stateroom was an interesting array of holes and spigots that looked like something that you would probably use for bathroom purposes. But I had no idea what was what. I didn't want to use the thing that I thought was the sink, only to find out later it was supposed to be the toilet. Drinking from the toilet was fine for Babar, but I like to think I have higher standards. This was definitely going to be an issue in another hour or two. I would have to ask Hickory or Dickory about it. They weren't with me because I asked to be taken directly to my stateroom when we took off and then asked to be alone for an hour, at which point I wanted to see the council member. I think that by doing that, I messed up some sort of ceremonial welcome from the crew of the Obin transport (called Obin Transport 8532, in typical and boring Obin efficiency), but I didn't let that bother me. It did have the effect I was going for at the moment: I had decided I was going to be a little bit difficult. Being a little bit difficult was going to make it easier, I hoped, to do what I needed to do next. Which was to try to save Roanoke. My dad had his own plan to do that, and I was going to help him with it. But I was thinking up a plan of my own. All it needed me to do was to demand something back. Something really, really, really big. Oh, well, my brain said. If this doesn't work at least you can ask this council guy where you're supposed to pee. Yes, well, that would be something. There was a knock on my stateroom door, and the door then slid open. There was no lock on the door because Obin among themselves didn't have much of a concept of privacy (no signal on the door, either, for the same reason). Three Obin entered the room: Hickory and Dickory, and a third Obin who was new to me. â€Å"Welcome, Zoe,† it said to me. â€Å"We welcome you at the start of your time with the Obin.† â€Å"Thank you,† I said. â€Å"Are you the council member?† â€Å"I am,† it said. â€Å"My name is Dock.† I tried very hard to keep a smile off my face and failed miserably. â€Å"You said your name was Dock,† I said. â€Å"Yes,† it said. â€Å"As in ‘Hickory, Dickory, Dock,'† I said. â€Å"That is correct,† it said. â€Å"That's quite a coincidence,† I said, once I got my face back under control. â€Å"It is not a coincidence,† Dock said. â€Å"When you named Hickory and Dickory, we learned of the nursery rhyme from which you derived the names. When I and many other Obin chose names for ourselves, we chose words from the rhyme.† â€Å"I knew there were other Hickorys and Dickorys,† I said. â€Å"But you're telling me that there are other Obin named ‘Dock,' too.† â€Å"Yes,† said Dock. â€Å"And ‘Mouse' and ‘Clock,'† I said. â€Å"Yes,† said Dock. â€Å"What about ‘Ran,' ‘Up,' and ‘The'?† I asked. â€Å"Every word in the rhyme is popular as a name,† said Dock. â€Å"I hope some of the Obin know they've named themselves after a definite article,† I said. â€Å"We are all aware of the meaning of the words,† Dock said. â€Å"What was important is the association to you. You named these two ‘Hickory' and ‘Dickory.' Everything followed from there.† I had been getting sidetracked by the idea that an entire fearsome race of aliens had given themselves goofy names because of the names I had thoughtlessly given two of them more than a decade before; this comment by Dock snapped me back into focus. It was a reminder that the Obin, with their new consciousness, had so identified with me, so imprinted on me, even as a child, that even a nursery rhyme I liked carried weight. Demand something back. My stomach cramped up. I ignored it. â€Å"Hickory,† I said. â€Å"Are you and Dickory recording right now?† â€Å"Yes,† Hickory said. â€Å"Stop please,† I said. â€Å"Councilor Dock, are you recording this right now?† â€Å"I am,† it said. â€Å"Although only for my personal recollection.† â€Å"Please stop,† I said. They all stopped recording. â€Å"Have we offended you?† Dock asked. â€Å"No,† I said. â€Å"But I don't think you'll want this as part of the permanent record.† I took a deep breath. â€Å"I require something from the Obin, Councilor.† â€Å"Tell me what it is,† Dock said. â€Å"I will try to find it for you.† â€Å"I require the Obin to help me defend Roanoke,† I said. â€Å"I am afraid we are unable to help you with that request,† Dock said. â€Å"It's not a request,† I said. â€Å"I do not understand,† Dock said. â€Å"I said, it's not a request. I didn't request the Obin's help, Councilor. I said I require it. There's a difference.† â€Å"We cannot comply,† Dock said. â€Å"The Colonial Union has requested that we provide no assistance to Roanoke.† â€Å"I don't care,† I said. â€Å"What the Colonial Union wants at this point means absolutely nothing to me. The Colonial Union is planning to let everyone I care about die because it's decided Roanoke is more useful as a symbol than a colony. I don't give a crap about the symbolism. I care about the people. My friends and family. They need help. And I require it from you.† â€Å"Assisting you means breaking our treaty with the Colonial Union,† Dock said. â€Å"Your treaty,† I said. â€Å"That would be the one that allows you access to me.† â€Å"Yes,† Dickory said. â€Å"You realize you have me,† I said. â€Å"On this ship. Technically on Obin territory. You don't need Colonial Union permission to see me anymore.† â€Å"Our treaty with the Colonial Union is not only about access to you,† Dock said. â€Å"It covers many issues, including our access to the consciousness machines we wear. We cannot go against this treaty, even for you.† â€Å"Then don't break it,† I said, and this is where I mentally crossed my fingers. I knew the Obin would say they couldn't break their treaty with the Colonial Union; Hickory had said so before. This is where things were about to get really tricky. â€Å"I require the Obin help me defend Roanoke, Councilor. I didn't say the Obin had to do it themselves.† â€Å"I am afraid I do not understand you,† Dock said. â€Å"Get someone else to help me,† I said. â€Å"Hint to them that the help would be appreciated. Do whatever you have to do.† â€Å"We would not be able to hide our influence,† Dock said. â€Å"The Colonial Union will not be swayed by the argument that our forcing another race to act on your behalf does not constitute interference.† â€Å"Then ask someone the Colonial Union knows you can't force,† I said. â€Å"Whom do you suggest?† Dock asked. There's an old expression for when you do something completely crazy. â€Å"Shooting the moon,† it's called. This was me raising my rifle. â€Å"The Consu,† I said. Blam. There went my shot at a very faraway moon. But it was a shot I had to take. The Obin were obsessed with the Consu, for perfectly excellent reasons: How could you not be obsessed with the creatures that gave you intelligence, and then ignored you for the rest of eternity? The Consu had spoken to the Obin only once since they gave them consciousness, and that conversation came at the high cost of half of all Obin, everywhere. I remembered that cost. I planned to use it to my advantage now. â€Å"The Consu do not speak to us,† Dock said. â€Å"Make them,† I said. â€Å"We do not know how,† Dock said. â€Å"Find a way,† I said. â€Å"I know how the Obin feel about the Consu, Councilor. I've studied them. I've studied you. Hickory and Dickory made a story about them. Obin's first creation myth, except it's true. I know how you got them to speak to you. And I know you've tried to get them to speak to you again since then. Tell me it's not true.† â€Å"It's true,† Dock said. â€Å"I'm willing to guess you're still working on it even now,† I said. â€Å"We are,† Dock said. â€Å"We have been.† â€Å"Now is the time to make that happen,† I said. â€Å"There is no guarantee that the Consu would help you, even if we convinced them to speak to us and hear our plea on your behalf,† Dock said. â€Å"The Consu are unknowable.† â€Å"I understand that,† I said. â€Å"It's worth a try anyway.† â€Å"Even if what you ask were possible, it would come at a high cost,† Dock said. â€Å"If you knew what it cost us the last time we spoke to the Consu – â€Å" â€Å"I know exactly how much it cost,† I said. â€Å"Hickory told me. And I know the Obin are used to paying for what they get. Let me ask you, Councilor. What did you get from my biological father? What did you get from Charles Boutin?† â€Å"He gave us consciousness,† Dock said, â€Å"as you well know. But it came at a price. Your father asked for a war.† â€Å"Which you never gave him,† I said. â€Å"My father died before you could pay up. You got his gift for free.† â€Å"The Colonial Union asked for a price to finish his work,† Dock said. â€Å"That's between you and the Colonial Union,† I said. â€Å"It doesn't take anything away from what my father did, or the fact you never paid for it. I am his daughter. I am his heir. The fact you are here says that the Obin give me the honor they would give him. I could say to you that you owe me what you owe him: a war, at least.† â€Å"I cannot say that we owe you what we owed your father,† Dock said. â€Å"Then what do you owe me?† I asked. â€Å"What do you owe me for what I've done for you? What is your name?† â€Å"My name is Dock,† it said. â€Å"A name you have because one day I named those two Hickory and Dickory,† I said, pointing at my two friends. â€Å"It's only the most obvious example of what you have through me. My father gave you consciousness, but you didn't know what to do with it, did you? None of you did. All of you learned what to do with your consciousness by watching me grow into mine, as a child and now as who I am today. Councilor, how many Obin have watched my life? Seen how I did things? Learned from me?† â€Å"All of them,† Dock said. â€Å"We have all learned from you, Zoe.† â€Å"What has it cost the Obin?† I asked. â€Å"From the time Hickory and Dickory came to live with me, until the moment I stepped onto this ship, what has it cost you? What have I ever asked of any Obin?† â€Å"You have not asked for anything,† Dock said. I nodded. â€Å"So let's review. The Consu gave you intelligence and it cost you half of all the Obin when you came to ask them why they did it. My father gave you consciousness, and the price for it was a war, a price which you would have willingly paid had he lived. I have given you ten years of lessons on how to be conscious – on how to live. The bill for that has come due, Councilor. What price do I require? Do I require the lives of half the Obin in the universe? No. Do I require the Obin to commit to a war against an entire other race? No. I require only your help to save my family and friends. I don't even require that the Obin do it themselves, only that they find a way to have someone else do it for them. Councilor, given the Obin's history of what it's received and what it has cost, what I am requiring of the Obin now comes very cheap indeed.† Dock stared at me, silently. I stared back, mostly because I had forgotten to blink through all of that and I was afraid if I tried to blink now I might scream. I think it was making me look unnervingly calm. I could live with that. â€Å"We were to send a skip drone when you arrived,† Dock said. â€Å"It has not been sent yet. I will let the rest of the Obin council know of your requirement. I will tell them I support you.† â€Å"Thank you, Councilor,† I said. â€Å"It may take some time to decide on a course of action,† Dock said. â€Å"You don't have time,† I said. â€Å"I am going to see General Gau, and I am going to deliver my dad's message to him. The Obin council has until I am done speaking to General Gau to act. If it has not, or will not, then you will leave General Gau without me.† â€Å"You will not be safe with the Conclave,† Dock said. â€Å"Are you under the impression that I will tolerate being among the Obin if you refuse me?† I said. â€Å"I keep telling you this: I am not asking for this. I am requiring it. If the Obin will not do this, they lose me.† â€Å"That would be very hard for some of us to accept,† Dock said. â€Å"We had already lost you for a year, Zoe, when the Colonial Union hid your colony.† â€Å"Then what will you do?† I asked. â€Å"Drag me back onto the ship? Hold me captive? Record me against my will? I don't imagine that will be very entertaining. I know what I am to the Obin, Councilor. I know what uses you have all put me to. I don't think you will find me very useful after you refuse me.† â€Å"I understand you,† Dock said. â€Å"And now I must send this message. Zoe, it is an honor to meet you. Please excuse me.† I nodded. Dock left. â€Å"Please close the door,† I said to Hickory, who was the closest to it. It did. â€Å"Thank you,† I said, and threw up all over my shoes. Dickory was over to me immediately and caught me before I could fall completely. â€Å"You are ill,† Hickory said. â€Å"I'm fine,† I said, and then threw up all over Dickory. â€Å"Oh, God, Dickory,† I said. â€Å"I'm so sorry.† Hickory came over, took me from Dickory and guided me toward the strange plumbing. It turned on a tap and water came bubbling out. â€Å"What is that?† I asked. â€Å"It is a sink,† Hickory said. â€Å"You're sure?† I asked. Hickory nodded. I leaned over and washed my face and rinsed my mouth out. â€Å"How do you feel?† Hickory said, after I had cleaned myself off as best I could. â€Å"I don't think I'm going to throw up anymore, if that's what you mean,† I said. â€Å"Even if I wanted to, there's nothing left.† â€Å"You vomited because you are sick,† Hickory said. â€Å"I vomited because I just treated one of your leaders like it was my cabin boy,† I said. â€Å"That's a new one for me, Hickory. It really is.† I looked over at Dickory, who was covered in my upchuck. â€Å"And I hope it works. Because I think if I have to do that again, my stomach might just flop right out on the table.† My insides did a flip-flop after I said that. Note to self: After having vomited, watch the overly colorful comments. â€Å"Did you mean it?† Hickory said. â€Å"What you said to Dock?† â€Å"Every word,† I said, and then motioned at myself. â€Å"Come on, Hickory. Look at me. You think I'd put myself through all of this if I wasn't serious?† â€Å"I wanted to be sure,† Hickory said. â€Å"You can be sure,† I said. â€Å"Zoe, we will be with you,† Hickory said. â€Å"Me and Dickory. No matter what the council decides. If you choose to stay behind after you speak to General Gau, we will stay with you.† â€Å"Thank you, Hickory,† I said. â€Å"But you don't have to do that.† â€Å"We do,† Hickory said. â€Å"We would not leave you, Zoe. We have been with you for most of your life. And for all the life that we have spent conscious. With you and with your family. You have called us part of your family. You are away from that family now. You may not see them again. We would not have you be alone. We belong with you.† â€Å"I don't know what to say,† I said. â€Å"Say you will let us stay with you,† Hickory said. â€Å"Yes,† I said. â€Å"Do stay. And thank you. Thank you both.† â€Å"You are welcome,† Hickory said. â€Å"And now as your first official duties, find me something new to wear,† I said. â€Å"I'm starting to get really ripe. And then tell me which of those things over there is the toilet. Because now I really need to know.†

Case Study Evaluation and Analysis using Leadership Theories and Concepts The WritePass Journal

Case Study Evaluation and Analysis using Leadership Theories and Concepts Introduction Case Study Evaluation and Analysis using Leadership Theories and Concepts ). As argued by Hogg,Van Knippenberg and Rast (2012), how leaders in organisation’s delegated duties, make decisions and interact with other members either positively or negatively affects employee output and thus influences the attainment of the overall organisational objective. This paper presents an analysis of leadership at EEF, a membership organisation that is a counterpoint to the Trade Union movement and was founded with the aim of supporting employers in the United Kingdom. Among the key concepts addressed in this analysis are the key leadership theories can be applicable to this case and challenges encountered in the leadership process. The role of Leadership at EEF As an organisation that represents the interests of many employers around the United Kingdom, the leadership at EEF is obligated to ensure that it establishes the needs of its members and effectively addresses them. The role played by EEF’s leadership is exhibited by the fact that it addresses its members’ needs through providing them with advice, guidance and support that will enable them to efficiently and effectively manage their businesses. EEF’s leadership is also committed towards ensuring that the company is flexible enough to maintain its relevance in its service delivery by implementing the required changes. Some of the changes included the transformation of the company’s legal status from a federation to a limited company by guarantee in 2009 to ensure that that its status as a non-profit was protected. The other change that was implemented by the company’s leadership in the same year was converting it into a single integrated national ent ity from its original regionalised structure. This integration resulted into the appointment of another CEO who was expected to lead the company under its new banner of â€Å"One EEF†. All these changes were made by the company with the aim of addressing the  £7 million loss experience in 2009, which was the first it had ever experienced since it was founded. A regional team leader of the company’s sales team, Tom Jones, was also appointed to oversee the now consolidated team. These strategies that were implemented by the company’s top leadership to ensure that the company remains on track highlights one of the key roles of leadership in an organisation, which is decision making. Whereas the  £7 million loss that was suffered in 2009 might have highlighted flaws in the leadership of EEF that year, the immediate changes that were made show the commitment of the company’s leadership towards its good performance. Analysis of Tom Jones’ Leadership using Leadership Theories The Trait Theory of Leadership From the case, Jones was selected out of the other applicants who were originally in charge of the regional sales functions. Out of these was an applicant who had expected to be selected as the team leader because of his long-term experience with the company. The trait theory of leadership can be used in explaining this selection. According to the trait leadership theory, good leaders possess a variety of characteristics and personal traits that enable them execute their leadership responsibilities well. These include integrity, assertiveness, empathy, honesty, openness, likeability and decision making skills (Colbert et al., 2012). The applicant mentioned in the case who had served for long as the leader of a regional sales team could have possessed some of these traits, but not as many as Jones exhibited. Some of the traits exhibited by Jones – as highlighted in the case – included openness, honesty and good decision making skills. The Behavioural Theory This theory focuses the behaviour of leaders as they guide their followers towards attaining the overall organisational objective, and classifies leaders as democratic, autocratic or Laissez-faire (DeRue et al., 2011). Democratic leaders are characterised by the fact that they involve other team members in the decision making process. The suggestions that receive the most support from team members are adopted as final decisions. Whilst this approach is lauded for ensuring effective teamwork, it becomes challenging to reach a final decision when the suggestions provided are many and differ widely (Lussier Achua, 2012). Autocratic leadership involves making of decisions without any prior consultation or involvement of team members. This approach has been regarded as being ineffective for teamwork dynamics and team agreement. It is however considered ideal in situations where decisions need to be urgently made (Bhatti et al., 2012). The Laissez-faire approach to leadership is carried o ut by allowing other team members to make most of the decisions with minimal interference from the leader. This approach is mostly applicable when team members are highly skilled and capable of independently making good decisions. However, leaders who prefer this approach might at times be mistaken for being lazy (Lussier Achua, 2012). Jones’ leadership approach was characterised by openness, which contributed towards his adoption of a collaborative team building approach that involved sharing of information and ideas, which matches with the democratic approach. Jones also valued the experiences and ideas of other team members. By applying this leadership approach, the team was able to identify the major issues, which were later prioritised according to their urgency.   Transactional vs. Transformational Leadership Leadership can also be classified as either transactional or transformational. Transactional leadership is based on the assumption that individuals are motivated by punishment and reward. It also assumes that the best way in which social systems can work is through the establishment of a clear chain of command (Carter et al., 2013). According to Bono, Hooper and Yoon (2012), transactional leaders work by clearly setting structures or rules by which their followers are required to abide, as well as rewards to be expected when they are adhered to. Whilst they are not usually mentioned, formal discipline systems and punishments are also well understood by their followers (Carter et al., 2013). This is as opposed to transformational leadership where leaders develop constructive visions for the organisation, sell them to their followers, find the way forward on how to implement the vision and lead the implementation of the vision (Wright et al., 2012). The diagram below depicts the differ ences between Transactional and transformational leadership. Table 1: Transactional vs. Transformational leadership (Adopted from Lussier and Achua (2012) Jones’ involvement of the team at EEF, formulation of necessary changes to transform the company and offering both personal and professional support to his team to enable them achieve these changes matches with the transformation approach to leadership. Among the changes that were identified as necessary for EEF were the establishment of new geographical sales areas and their respective sales representatives, implementing the necessary forecasting and reporting processes, and ensuring that the existing CRM systems are upgraded so as to attain consistency in the measurement key performance indicators. Jones embarked on achieving these changes by leading the change in the organisational culture by encouraging team members to be more ‘corporate minded’ and committed to problem solving. He also embarked on building corporation and trust within the team he was leading. These characteristics of Jones’ leadership further verify his transformational leadership appr oach. Leadership challenges from the Case There are several challenges that can be identified from the provided case on EEF. One of these was the loss that was incurred in the 2009 financial year, which triggered the transformation of EEF’s overall structure. The changes that were implemented further triggered challenges that are typical to any change process in organisations. The first was ensuring that he addressed the feelings of the applicants who lost on their applications as team leaders and creating a formidable team. Given that they all held same regional position before, it can be concluded that their capabilities were almost the same. Therefore, the most effective approach that could be used by Jones in addressing this was involving them in decision making through a highly democratic leadership style (DeRue et al., 2011). By knowing that their opinions are valued by their leader, they will be motivated and committed towards attaining the desired organisational objective (Lussier Achua, 2012). The other challenge was in regards to the transformation of the organisation’s structure from being regionally based to a unit national structure. In order to attain this overall change, there are several change management models that could be used. One of these is the 8 step model of organisational change, which was proposed by Kotter (1996). It divides the whole change process into eight stages that are more manageable and all contribute towards the attainment of the desired outcome of change. These stages are explained in table 2 below. Whereas this approach to organisational change has been supported by a wide number of researchers, it has also received criticism. For instance, O’Keefe (2013) pointed out that the model assumes that change is a linear process and does not account for challenges or changes that might be encountered in the change process. Table 2: Kotter’s 8-stage model of organisational change (Kotter, 1996) Conclusion In conclusion, this paper has presented an in-depth analysis of leadership at EEF in regard to the changes implemented with the aim of recovering from its poor performance that was registered in 2009. In the analysis, leadership concepts and theories have been referred to and their applicability to the case has been explained. Among these are the trait and behavioural theories of leadership, transformational and transactional leadership models and Kotter’s 8 stage model of leadership. Even with the few mentioned challenges that were highlighted in the case, it has been shown that Tom Jones’ leadership approach was ideal for the EEF as it set out to implement the necessary changes in its functional and organisational structures. References Bhatti, N. et al. (2012) The impact of autocratic and democratic leadership style on job satisfaction. International Business Research, 5(2), pp.192-207. Bono, J.E., Hooper, A.C. Yoon, D.J. (2012) Impact of rater personality on transformational and transactional leadership ratings. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(1), pp.132-45. Carter, M.Z., Armenakis, A.A., Feild, H.S. Mossholder, K.W. (2013) Transformational leadership, relationship quality, and employee performance during continuous incremental organisational change. Journal of Organisational Behavior, 34(7), pp.942-58. Colbert, A.E., Judge, T.A., Choi, D. Wang, G. (2012) Assessing the trait theory of leadership using self and observer ratings of personality: The mediating role of contributions to group success. The Leadership Quarterly, 23(4), pp.670-85. DeRue, D.S., Nahrgang, J.D., Wellman, N.E.D. Humphrey, S.E. (2011) Trait and behavioral theories of leadership: An integration and meta†analytic test of their relative validity. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), pp.7-52. Hogg, M.A., Van Knippenberg, D. Rast, D.E. (2012) Intergroup leadership in organisations: Leading across group and organisational boundaries. Academy of Management Review, 37(2), pp.232-55. Kotter, J.P. (1996) Leading change. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Lussier, R. Achua, C. (2012) Leadership: Theory, application, skill development. Mason: Cengage Learning. O’Keefe, K. (2013) Where Kotter’s 8 Steps Gets it Wrong. [Online] Available at:   executiveboard.com/communications-blog/where-kotters-8-steps-gets-it-wrong   Ã‚  [Accessed 18 December 2014]. Wright, B.E., Moynihan, D.P. Pandey, S.K. (2012) Pulling the Levers: Transformational Leadership, Public Service, Motivation, and Mission Valence. Public Administration Review, 72(2), p.206–215.

Woolly Worm Caterpillars and Winter Forecasts and Folklore

Woolly Worm Caterpillars and Winter Forecasts and Folklore Every October, NOAAs Climate Prediction Center releases a winter outlook to give the public the best possible scientific prediction of how the winter may shape up across the nation; but in the pre-NOAA days, folks got this same information from a more humble sourcethe Woolly Bear caterpillar.  Ã‚   Called woolly bears in the Midwest and Northeast, and woolly worms in the Southern U.S., Woolly Bear caterpillars are the larvae of Isabella tiger moths. Theyre common to the United States, northern Mexico, and the southern third of Canada, and are easily recognized by their short, stiff bristles of reddish-brown  and black fur. How to Read a Woollys Colors According to folklore, the woolly worms coloring is said to indicate how severe  the coming winter will be in the local area  where the caterpillar  is found.  The Woolly Bear caterpillars body  has 13 distinct segments. According to weather lore, each one corresponds to one of the 13 weeks of winter. Each black band  represents one week of colder, snowier, and more severe winter conditions, whereas orange bands indicate  that many weeks of milder temperatures. (Some even believe that the position of the bands which part of winter. For example, if the tail end of the caterpillar is black, it means that winters end will be severe.)  Ã‚   Two other versions  of this folklore exist. The first relates the severity of winter to  the thickness of the caterpillars coat. (Thicker coats signal  colder winters, and a sparse coat, milder winters.)  The final  variation deals with the direction in which the caterpillar  crawls. (If a woolly crawls in a southerly direction it means hes trying to escape the cold winter conditions of the north. If he travels on a northward path, that indicates a mild winter.)    Significance of Solid-Colored Woolly Worms Not all woolly worms have alternating orange  and black markings. Occasionally, youll spot one thats all brown, all black, or solid white. Like their brown and black relatives, they too have : Orange:  Just as reddish-brown segments signal a week of mild temperatures, an all brown caterpillar  suggests  an overall mild winter with above-normal temperatures and insignificant snowfall.Black: An all black caterpillar  signals the onset of a very hard upcoming winter.White (sand-colored): White woolly worms are said to predict winter snowfall. Spotting one is supposedly a strong indicator that heavier than average snows   or even a blizzard   can be expected in the region during the winter season.   How Fame Found the Woolly Worm The woolly worms talent was first discovered in the late 1940s by Dr. Charles Curran, former curator of insects at New York City’s Museum of Natural History. As the story goes, Dr. Curran measured the coloration of woolly bear caterpillars between 1948 and 1956  at  Bear Mountain State Park. During those years, he found that 5.3 to 5.6 of the observed caterpillars 13 body segments were  orange. As his counts suggested, the winters for each of those years turned out to  indeed be  mild.  A reporter friend of Currans leaked his  forecasts to a NYC newspaper,  and  the  publicity the story  generated made woolly  bear caterpillars a household name. Is the Folklore True? Dr. Curran found that the width of reddish-brown fur correctly matched the winter type with 80% accuracy. While his data samples were small, for some people this was enough to legitimize  the folklore.  However, for the majority of todays  professionals, it isnt sufficient data. They argue that not only is a woolly bears coloring  based on its age and species, but also  that it would take researching an awful lot of caterpillars in one place over a great many years in order to make any conclusions about  woollys and  winter weather. One thing most can agree on is that regardless of whether or not the folklore is true,  its a harmless and fun autumn tradition to take part in. When and Where  to Spot  Woolly Worms Woolly worms are usually seen  in autumn  on sidewalks and  roadways.  If you do meet one, dont expect it to hang around for long. Woollys are busy creatures, always on-the-go  searching for a cozy home underneath a rock or log to overwinter in. They  move  pretty fast too (as worms go)!  Ã‚   One sure-fire  way to meet a woolly is to attend a  woolly worm festival. 2016  Woolly Worm Festivals Like  the  groundhog, woolly worms have become so  popular, several festivals have sprouted up across the United States to honor them. The  longest-running festivals are celebrated in:   Vermilion, Ohio. Ohios annual  Woollybear Festival  is one of the longest-running in the US. The festival started more than four decades ago, when  TV weatherman, Mr. Dick Goddard, proposed the idea of a celebration built around using the worm to forecast the upcoming winter. He still hosts the festival to this day.  This years festival is scheduled to be held October 2, 2016. Banner Elk, North  Carolina.  Held every third weekend in October.  This years 39th Annual Woolly Worm festival dates are October 15-16, 2016.   Beattyville, Kentucky. Beattyvilles Woolly Worm Festival is always the last full weekend in October.  This years 29th annual festival will take place October 21-23,  2016.   Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. Currently in its 19th year, this years festival will take place on October 15, 2016. If youre a fan of woolly worm festivals, let us also recommend these weather-focused festivals.

Operation management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 5

Operation management - Essay Example The operations of an organization should be well structured as it would benefit both the organization as well as the customers. It is an important area in management that is related to the designing and controlling of the production system. The major responsibility of operations management is to ensure that the efficiency level of the business operations is high in terms of optimum utilization of resources and meeting the needs of the customers. It involves the management of the entire process of supply chain from procurement of raw materials to the delivery of the finished products. It is related to the conversion of inputs that are raw materials, energy and labor into outputs in the form of products or services. The success of incorporation of operations management in the system requires certain aspects for its success such as creativity, technical knowledge, people skills, and rational analysis. The operations strategy involves plans regarding the use of resources of the firm in a n efficient manner so as to obtain competitive advantage for long run. The concept of operations management is effective handling of the metrics which comprise of quality, stock availability, quality, flexibility and time. The main aim of the teams of operations management is to strike balance between cost and revenue so as to achieve higher net profit margins. Nando’s originating from Portuguese community is a South African restaurant for casual dining. The theme of the restaurant is more of a Portuguese or Mozambique style. The restaurant was founded in the year 1987 and has now expanded its business to twenty four countries and operating through 1000 outlets. The restaurant chain’s total revenue in the past year was about $650 million. The specialty of Nando’s fast food outlets is in chicken dishes either herb and lemon, lime or mango, different levels of spicy meals of Peri-Peri marinades. In some other countries according

Illicit drugs in Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Illicit drugs in Asia - Essay Example The second perspective is how Asian consumers of psychoactive new markets have been forged. The market for the production of methamphetamine has been the rise due to the new conf ration of Asian medicine. The economic integration in oceanic countries has led to the expansion of illicit drug trade. Since 2013, international drug trafficking networks such as South Asia, Western Asia, North America and Western Africa have been targeting the region (Haq, 2000).The other perspective is the significance of the place of psycho-active substances in Asia. Illicit drugs in Asia provide a source of income to farmers as they largely depend on illicit drug harvest (Chouvy, 2013). As a result, these farmers become able to support their families without difficulties. For suppliers, they benefit by advertising, marketing and selling their products under the names of harmless daily products such as fertilizers, salt and room fresheners. This enables them mislead the authorities for transacting illega l trade in order to do their daily business and make money. In addition to that, governments have largely benefited from these drugs. Some fund their political campaigns using the money from the trade of these drugs.Besides, is the prospective of chief concerns of governments and administrations in controlling the markets and consumers. The drug traffickers have since been haunted by the Asian governments as they have constantly led to public health threat as opposed to the usage of illegal and illicit drugs.

Common Wealth Alliance Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Common Wealth Alliance Case - Essay Example Due to low-income, they do not qualify for enrollment by other insurance agencies. Cutting down on healthcare costs, which CCA advocates for, is thus necessary. The model involves a strategy that promotes patient-centered healthcare making medication affordable. CCA adopts an approach that facilitates quality health support to the elderly and disabled patients with complex needs. It appreciates simplified ways of avoiding medical complications such as multiple medical specialists for an elder suffering from chronic illness. It not only makes healthcare provision undemanding but also affordable for its beneficiaries. Senior care plan focuses on enhancing flexible and continued care for the elderly. Unlike other insurance models, CCA prefers adult day care to nursing homes. Care providers are volunteers organized into care delivery networks. CCA program also entails joint contracts with Medicare and Medicaid, for example, the operation of three Massachusetts care programs in May 2007. CCA’s senior care options (SCO) program eligibility is broader than that for other insurance providers. Elderly beneficiaries do not have to be nursing home certifiable. Notably, it admits younger patients with complicated health conditions. Specific servicers offered depend on the needs of the patient and their availability in the local setup. Teaching patients self-care and provision of home health aides reduces the necessity for nursing home placement. SCO fund services not covered by Medicaid. Funding of services not covered by Medicaid presents beneficiaries with reliable quality services. Apart from the services mentioned above, patients also enjoy skilled nursing care and transportation. It includes all components of care either directly or through subcontracts. CCA aims at bringing better health care to its beneficiaries. Central to CCA’s goal is the improvement in self-management of multiple recurring illnesses. Once acquired, self-care skills are

Effects Of London Riots Criminology Essay

Effects Of London Riots Criminology Essay In august 2011 between 6th and 10th thousands of people in United Kingdom start rioting in several boroughs in London and many cities and towns even. This was began due to protest against the death of a local who was shot dead by police. There were many violence began with policing, destroyed many police vehicles, homes and business of civilians and even magistrates court of London. The results generated were arson, lootings and mass deployment of police. It was said this London riots were organised through mobile devises and other social media, so this is also called as the BlackBerry Riots. This report is based on the London Riots took place in 2011 in UK and this is addressed by a government advisor as his new assignment. Under this study it was discussed the background of the London riots, the real issue, solutions for the problem and finally provided recommendations for future activities to avoid such violence in London. London Riots Background of the London riots Several areas of London in August 2011 experienced episodes of large-scale disorder, comprising rioting, violence and looting. The riots spread to other parts of England including Manchester, Liverpool, Bristol and Birmingham. After the end of the riots, around 3100 people were arrested by the police where 1000 were charged. It is still remains unclear about the real reason and rational was grounded for these attacks, acts of arson, vandalism and cause death for five people. But it is clearly provide evidence of the power to challenging the authority and mobilized collective effort of people. As per Ryde (2013: p.119) this is a best example of a decline in deference but not one it would seem that has been accompanied by the aspirations, creative consequences or political believes associated with many other uprising or rebellions. As per Guardians (2013), the London School of Economies says in its report of Reading the Riots, the reason for these riots is a combination of poor treatments and engagement by the police of communities as well as harsh circumstances in economy and high rates of unemployment. Some interviews of the rioters explained that they were engaged in the riots due to the removal of the education maintenance allowance and the increase in tuition fees. Likewise different people have different reasons for the riots but still they gathered collectively to protest against the authority of England. Who engaged in riots? Based on the findings of Riots Communities and Victims Panel (2012) it was estimated that 13,000-15,000 people were actually involved in the riots, police was arrested nearly 4,000 people where nine out of ten are known by the police with their previous crime records. A total of 945 of the 1483 found guilty and sentenced for average of 14.2 months into jail. During this riots, in total more than 5,000 crimes were committed including 1860 incidents of arson and criminal damages, 141 incidence of disorder, 1649 burglaries, 366 incidents of violence and 5 fatalist deaths. Records indicate the followings; Majority of those who brought before court were male with previous conviction records. When it comes to the children, brought before court, tow third of them have special education needs and they are more likely to live in the 10% lowest income areas. Those children are receiving free meal at schools. It seems that there is a link between deprivation and the rioting as research findings indicate that 70% of those who brought before court were live in the 30% most deprived areas in the country. Figure 1.1 shows the number of riot-related crimes and deprivation levels in riot-affected local areas and figure 1.2 illustrates the deprivation areas where suspected rioter live. And also when it comes to unemployment who seek jobs is high among 16-24 years of ages and in riots postcodes the percentage is 7.5 and 6% in non-riot areas. Figure 1.3 illustrates the comparison of age distribution of suspected rioters and the age distribution of the population of England. C:UserspcDesktopUntitled.jpg Figure 1.1: The number of riot-related crimes and deprivation levels in riot-affected areas Source: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk C:UserspcDesktop11.jpg Figure 1.2: The deprivation areas where suspected rioter live Source: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk C:UserspcDesktop22.jpg Figure 1.3: The age distribution of suspected rioters and the age distribution of the population of England Source: Office of National Statistics (2010) Reasons for riots According to the report of Riots Communities and Victims Panel (2012) rioters were not a homogenous group of individuals that all were acting towards a same reason and particular rational. They have different reasons and they acted differently depending on what they want to gain. Based on the research findings this Panel breakdown the people who are presented at the riots as follows; Organised criminals these people were often come for the riots from outside the areas where riots occurred. Late night shoppers this was categorised the people who deliberately travelled to the sites where riots were taking place in order to burgle Violent aggressors these are the individuals who often committed most serious crimes including violent attacks of the police and arson. Opportunists people who are drawn into the riots areas with their sense of excitements Spectators there are some other category as spectators, people who just came to watch the rioting Following reasons can be outlines as basic reasons for the riots; Poor relationship between communities and the police, especially where a stop and search occurred Some are deliberately engages in the riots to loot without any consequences Some engaged deliberately to attack the police Researches indicate the basic reason for the riots was the feeling of people who expressed the view that tension between local communities and the police. This is due to the poor relationship and understandings between both the parties about their requirements. There are some other general causes too were outlined by the Riots Communities and Victims Panel (2012) as bellow; Poor parenting relationship between children and parents Feeling of hopelessness by the young generation in many areas The lack of ambitions, dreams and hopes among people These studies show some statistical evidence which support for the reasons and major causes of the riots. But, while it has been possible to quickly establish an accurate timeline of the riots as they spread from Tottenham to all other areas of London, and then into number of other cities in England as well, it is much more needed to have more independence concentration on the causes of the community. As indicated by Whitehead and Crawshaw (2012: p.121) the areas where the riots were occurred are not only among the hardest hit by the ongoing economic crisis but also they possess a long record of economic hardships, unemployment and poverty. All of them are large ethnic minority communities who always experience the economic disadvantages and also they have a severe tension with the police and the criminal justice system of the country. As per Riots Communities and Victims Panel (2012) many of the young people who were involved with the riots in 2011, were found that the lack of their hopes and dreams for the future. It is obvious that the unemployment puts them into much more tension and they feel that they do not have a clear path to work and to develop themselves through a career. Riots areas were relatively poor and suffered from higher crimes and lower level of employment than the average. Records indicate that the rioters came for the riots were ranked 69th most deprived by employment, 60th by income. As per London Centre for Social Impact (2013) residents in riots areas also have been expressed their views on the riots and they told that there are too many people who are leading chaotic lives for their neighbours. They also need to see this riots are been punished but meantime they believe that the government should take necessary actions to correct them and ensure that this individuals also take a positive r ole in society in the future. The reasons that will lead for a poor life outcomes and their relationship can be shown as figure 1.4. C:UserspcDesktop333.jpg Figure 1.4: Link between factors that can lead to poor life outcomes Source: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk Suggestions To avoid future riots, it can be suggested following activities to ensure and establish community that work; Where everyone feels that they have a stake in the society Ensure that everyone respect each other and also the places where they live Public service should work together with the help of some volunteers to stop those who are struggling at an early stage and assist them to overcome their problems Employment opportunities should be available adequately to all the people especially for the young generation The crime justice system also ensure to punish those who are engaged with crimes but meantime they must take steps to correct them to not to do the crimes again Establish a proper understanding among community and the police where the people and police work together to support the maintenance of the civil and criminal laws, regulations and orders Ensure a great relationship between parents and children and also schools and children to make sure that the children are developing not only their academic knowledge but also developing skills, values and character behaviours to make right decisions and choices at critical situations. Recommendations It was said that the ground reason for this riots was the death of local named Mark Duggan. The problem was with the police in handling this case and also how they communicated the death message to his family which indicated the breakdown of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) protocols. Rumours were rapidly spread telling that the shooting were not conducted effectively and causes for a huge violence among the country. It is recommended to the police to review their existing protocols to ensure the deliberate false rumours and unintendended inaccuracies do not happens in the future. Another major cause for the riots was the poor live conditions of the people of the areas where the riots were happened. Government should take necessary actions to up fill the lives of them. They can take part with business organisations where the young people are provided with employment opportunities. This is the main duty, that to provide employment opportunities for the people. As per Riots Communities and Victims Panel (2012) the links with the local employers are very poor. It is recommended for the entrepreneurs and businesses that they should work closely with the local schools, volunteers and public to promote youth employment. Another problem that was raised by the Riots Communities and Victims Panel (2012) that 85% of the people feel that the advertising puts a much more pressure on young people to own latest products and services which actually unaffordable. It recommended for the government and Advertising Standard Authority to conduct some programmes in schools to make children aware about the impact on advertisements and some branding techniques. The major cause for the riots in 2011 was the lack of trust and understanding of people about the police. Trust in police is very important for a community and it helps by; Leading them getting more involved with police Ensure the police can understand the needs of community and vice versa. Help to break down the cultural barriers Community is willing to support police by reporting crimes. It is recommended that the police should engage proactively with the community regarding the issues that might impact on integrity. And also they should improve the quality of minority to improve the relationship with community. Conclusion Riots happened in London in 2011 was a major issue that cause many damages to public, businesses, police and local government. This brief report was based on the 2011 London riots to address the overall picture of what has been happened and what the impacts for the society. Records indicate that many who involved with the riots are for areas who suffered long term by the economic disadvantages and unemployment issues. This may caused for a poor life style of those communities and caused for a huge riots which occurred for 5 days in England. This report discussed the reasons for the riot, parties involved with the riots and provide some solutions for the issues identified through Panel reports and other survey researches. Finally recommendations were made for the government and other local parties based on the findings and observations to overcome the issues and for the future actions.